Introduction
A condition called hyperlactation, or oversupply, occurs when a nursing mother produces an excessive amount of breast milk. Engorgement, frequent and strong let-downs, and discomfort for the baby during feedings are just a few of the difficulties that this condition can cause for both the mother and the child.
The hormone prolactin, which is generated by the pituitary gland, is principally responsible for controlling milk production. As a result of the baby sucking, prolactin levels increase and the mammary glands are stimulated to create milk. The let-down reflex, which releases milk from the breast, is brought on by another hormone called oxytocin.
Sustaining a sufficient milk production depends on the balance of these hormones. Hyperlactation, however, can result from an imbalance, such as high prolactin levels. Furthermore, the physical strain from excessive pumping or frequent breastfeeding could cause the body to manufacture more milk than is required.
Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms can be observed in both mother and baby both.
Symptoms in Mother:
- Abundant Milk Supply
- Forceful let down Reflex
- Frequent engorgement and Pain
- Plugged Ducts
- Frequent leakage
- Discomfort during Feeding
- Emotional Stress
Symptoms in Babies:
- Choking /Gagging due to fast let down
- Frequent pulling away from breast
- Difficulty latching
- Frequent Spit up or vomiting
Hormones involved in Hyperlactation
Prolactin: Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, playing a critical role in the production of breast milk. During pregnancy, prolactin levels increase, preparing the mammary glands for milk production. After childbirth, the baby’s suckling stimulates the nipple, signaling the pituitary gland to release more prolactin, which in turn stimulates the alveoli in the mammary glands to produce milk. This ongoing production ensures a continuous supply of milk as long as the baby continues to breastfeed.
Oxytocin : Oxytocin, also produced by the pituitary gland, is essential for the milk ejection reflex, commonly known as the let-down reflex. When a baby suckles, nerve impulses travel from the nipple to the brain, prompting the release of oxytocin. This hormone causes the myoepithelial cells around the alveoli to contract, pushing milk through the ducts and out of the nipple. Oxytocin is also involved in bonding between mother and baby, contributing to the emotional aspects of breastfeeding.
How Hormonal Balance Affects Lactation
The balance of prolactin and oxytocin is crucial for maintaining effective lactation. Prolactin ensures that milk is produced, while oxytocin ensures that milk is efficiently ejected during feeding. An imbalance in these hormones can disrupt the lactation process.
High Prolactin Levels : Elevated levels of prolactin can lead to an overproduction of milk, causing hyperlactation. Conversely, insufficient prolactin levels can result in low milk supply.
Oxytocin and Stress : Oxytocin levels can be influenced by a mother’s emotional state. Stress and anxiety can inhibit the release of oxytocin, making it difficult for milk to be ejected even if there is sufficient production.
Causes of Hyperlactation
Estrogen and Progesterone Imbalances : Especially during the postpartum phase, estrogen and progesterone imbalances can lead to excessive milk production. During pregnancy, estrogen inhibits the production of milk; if estrogen levels abruptly decline after delivery, prolactin may cause an excessive amount of milk to be produced.
Prolactinoma : A benign tumor on the pituitary gland that secretes a lot of prolactin is called a prolactinoma, and it is one of the most prominent reasons of hyperproduction of milk. The hormone that causes milk production is called prolactin, and too much of it can cause hyperlactation.
Excessive breastfeeding or frequent pumping : This might overstimulate the milk production mechanism, particularly in the first few weeks after giving birth. The body increases milk production in response to repeated emptying, which results in an excess of milk. When moms attempt to boost their milk supply or pump in order to accumulate milk, this overstimulation frequently happens.
Family History : Genetic factors may predispose certain moms to hyperlactation. One may be more likely to experience hyperlactation or high milk supply if it runs in the family. Some women may be more prone to produce too much milk due to genetic predispositions relating to hormone control or breast tissue.
Managing Hyperlactation
1. Feed on Demand : Tailoring the feeding schedule to the infant’s need is one of the best strategies to treat hyperlactation. Over time, increasing the frequency of breastfeeding can help control the milk production. Allowing the infant to nurse as frequently as they like is important, but make sure they always empty the breast completely to let the body know that less milk is needed.
2. Balanced Feeding : During a feeding session, think about moving between the two breasts, but don’t do it too frequently. Make sure the infant consumes the more calorie-dense “hindmilk” by letting them finish one side before switching to the other. The second breast may not need to be offered if the baby is full. Forced feedings or overfeeding might make hyperlactation worse.
3. Control Let-Down : Occasionally, a baby may get overwhelmed by a rapid let-down reflex (milk ejection), which can lead to hyperlactation. To lessen the power of the let-down, one tactic is to express a small amount of milk before latching the infant. The infant may find it simpler to latch and feed as a result, avoiding choking on the rapid flow.
4. Block feeding : This involves nursing on one breast for a longer period (e.g., 3–4 hours) before switching to the other breast. This helps to prevent over-stimulation of milk production on the opposite side. This strategy works by allowing the milk to accumulate in one breast for longer periods, which signals to the body that less milk is needed.
5. Warm Compress Before Feeding : To promote milk flow and soften breast tissue, apply a warm compress or take a warm shower prior to nursing or pumping. This can assist improve the flow of milk and keep engorgement from becoming uncomfortable, which is especially beneficial if your ducts are obstructed.
6. Cabbage Leaves : Placing cooled cabbage leaves inside a bra helps some women who suffer from engorgement and hyperlactation. The cabbage can lessen soreness and swelling because it naturally contains anti-inflammatory qualities. For optimal effects, swap out the cabbage leaves every several hours.
A complex process, hyperlactation is impacted by individual physiology, supply and demand dynamics, and the delicate balance of hormones. Prolactin stimulates the synthesis of milk, whereas oxytocin facilitates its release. These hormones are important in controlling the production of milk. Sometimes, due to imbalance of these hormones or frequent pumping in addition to breastfeeding, hyperlactation may be seen and can cause some difficulties to the breastfeeding mother. But with strategies suggested above, it can be managed. However, if after using these techniques, a mother still faces issues, breast milk donation can also be considered an alternative. To know more about breast milk donation you can visit our website www.savebabies.in or connect on our tollfree number 1800-419-2199.
References
- Van Veldhuizen-Staas CGA. Overabundant milk supply: an alternative way to intervene by full drainage and block feeding. Int Breastfeed J. 2007;2:11. doi:10.1186/1746-4358-2-11.
- Trimeloni L, Spencer J. Diagnosis and management of breast milk oversupply. J Am Board Fam Med. 2016;29(1):129-131. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2016.01.150164
- Smillie CM, Campbell SH, Iwinski SI. Hyperlactation: how left-brained ‘rules’ for breastfeeding wreak havoc with a natural process. Neonatal Netw. 2005;24(2):47-53. doi:10.1053/j.nainr.2005.02.007.
